Investigate how the Concentration of a Sucrose Solution affects the Rat

Investigate how the Concentration of a Sucrose Solution affects the Rate of Osmosis Introduction: Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration until they are spread out evenly. An example of diffusion is when an aerosol is sprayed. The particles spread out from the high concentration at the nozzle into the rest of the room and that is how the smell moves. Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a weaker solution to a stronger solution through a partially permeable membrane. Osmosis is a type of diffusion involving water - the water molecules move from a weak solution (with a high concentration of water) into a strong solution (with a low concentration of water). The cell membrane in a plant cell is partially permeable - it has small holes that can let in small molecules but not large ones. This allows water through and therefore allows osmosis. When the cell has all the water it can take inside of it the osmosis process stops. The water pushes up against the cell wall which is strong enough to stop it bursting. The cell is turgid and the plant needs turgid cells to give it rigidity and allow it to stand upright. If the cell has not enough water in it, it is flaccid and doesn't support the plant which goes limp. In order to prepare for my experiment I did a preliminary experiment to get an idea of how I would do my real experiment and what apparatus and solutions I would need. I weighed 11 potato chips and put them into separate boiling tubes. I filled each boiling tube with a different concentration of a sucrose solution from 0 molars (water) through to 1.0 molar with 0.1M intervals in between. After 30 minutes I removed the potato chips and measured their mass. I found that the chips in the concentrations of 0M to 0.2M had increased in mass and the rest had decreased in mass. For my experiment I have chosen to use five concentrations of sucrose solution - 0.0M, 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M and 0.4M. I have chosen these concentrations for two reasons. Firstly they cover the point at which the increase in mass changes to a decrease and therefore I can hopefully find the equilibrium where the mass stays the same, and secondly they are all at equal intervals so it will be easy and accurate to draw a graph for my results. Prediction: I predict that out of the five potato chips used in the experiment at least two will... ...tato chip in the solution for different time periods. I could then compare the gradients of the lines of best fit for the 5 different times, and also draw graphs for each molarity across the 5 time periods. I could also do an experiment using the same concentrations as I did in this experiment, but measuring the mass of the potato chips after every 3 or 4 hours until the mass stays the same, and see how long potato chips in different solutions took to reach a final mass and to see how large it's mass would get. Finally I would like to do the same experiment as I did here, but try it out on different types of plants and compare the rates of osmosis of the different plants. This would give an idea of which plants were more efficient at taking up water and I could see what types of plants had the fastest rate of osmosis, and whether there was a link between the rate of osmosis in a plant and the habitat it exists in. For example I might find that plants that live in hot, dry conditions have a faster rate of osmosis than plants which live in cold, wet environments. These experiments would help give a better idea of how the rate of osmosis is affected by the concentration of a solution.

WebDesPix Ltd case study questions

1. What does the name WebDesPix Ltd tell you about the ownership of the company? It tells us that it is a private limited company; this means that it is in the private sector and it must have the letters ‘Ltd' after its name. The main features of a private limited company include: * It is owned by the shareholders. * It is controlled by the board of directors. * It is managed by appointed managers. * Finance can be gained by borrowing from banks or selling shares. * The profits go to the shareholders of the company, in the form of dividends. Socratic Seminar Questions 2. Give (2 or more) reasons why they may have decided on this type of company? This type of business is more expensive to set up than a sole trader or a partnership, however: * It carries less financial risk for the owners as they have limited liability, which means that if the company goes bust, they only lose the amount of money that they invested in the company and not their personal possessions. * Limited companies are also incorporated which means that the company has a separate legal identity from its owners. Which means that it is the company that can be sued or sue, not the owners. * It also gives the company greater continuity because its existence is not ended by the death or retirement of its owners. 3. Tom and Dee are shareholders. What does this mean? * It means that Tom and Dee are the people who invest money in the company by buying shares, and are therefore called shareholders. It also means that they are the owners of the company. * By buying shares in the company Tom and Dee are entitled to a share of the profits known as dividend. How much dividend a shareholder receives depends on how well the company is performing, the type of share they own, and the number of shares they own. * This also means that as they are shareholders they can elect people to the board of directors to represent their interest and be responsible for the long term strategy of the company. The directors will then appoint managers to be responsible for the day-to-day running of the company. Also, some managers may also be directors and are known as executive directors. In a private limited company the major shareholders, board of directors and managers may all be the same people. 4. They have an overdraft facility. Explain how an overdraft works and say what they might use if for. An overdraft is when a business draws more money from its bank account than it currently has in the account. It has permission from the bank, which sets an agreed limit called an overdraft limit. Interest is payable on the overdraft and this is calculated on a daily basis. An advantage of an overdraft is that money is only borrowed when needed; this means that interest is only paid when the bank account is overdrawn. The big disadvantage about an overdraft is that the bank can insist that it is repaid immediately. However, because of its flexibility an overdraft is probably the most frequently used way to solve a cash flow problem. The table shows the advantages and disadvantages of overdrafts: Advantages of overdrafts Disadvantages of overdrafts Flexibility-can change the amount borrowed within limits. Cannot be used for large borrowing. Interest is only paid on amounts borrowed. Rates of interest higher than loans. Bank can change limit at any time or ask for money to be paid sooner than expected. Used for anything wages, computer repairs etc 5. List 4 products the company offers. * Web design is still the core business of the company, but new services are also offered. * Electronic newsletters. * Domain registrations. * Hosting and search engine optimisation. * The company offers three standard web design packages, this is -budget at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½800 -professional at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 -and executive at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1500 Each package provides a number of web pages, e-mail facilities and the cost of hosting the site. * WDP (WebDesPix Ltd) give a quotation to clients who require non-standard packages (a quotation is just an estimated price for job or service). 6. All their products are marketed online. Explain 3 advantages of this when compared to selling from a shop on the high street. Firstly, buying and selling products online is called e-commerce. The advantages of this include: * Websites can be used to reach wider markets; this means that the internet provides extra marketing possibilities. * The internet can be accessed all over the world-this makes it possible to target potential customers in foreign countries. * A company can put marketing material on its own website, or it could pay to advertise on other websites. * A good website can really help a firm's competitiveness and increase its market share. * Firms can market and sell goods through their website 24 hours a day, 7 days a week ('24/7†²). * By using the strategy of marketing and selling '24/7†², it can give e-commerce firms an advantage over the traditional 9-5 businesses, as customers can shop at home, at a time which is convenient to them. 7. The company wants to build up their brand name. List 3 advantages of having a strong brand name. * Businesses will hope that this leads to brand loyalty, where customers will repeat-buy because they prefer the look, taste, quality or image of their products. * If the company's name becomes established with one product, it may encourage customers to buy different products bearing that name. * Customers can be reasonably sure about the quality they will get with branded goods. 8. What are overheads? Overheads (also called fixed costs or indirect costs) are costs which do not change whether the business produces lots of goods, or produces no goods at all. These are costs which still have to be paid, regardless of output. For example, the rent on a shop will still have to be paid, whether or not the shop has any customers. Examples of overheads are: -interest payment on loans. -managers' salaries. – Rates payable to the local council. -rent of premises. -gas -electricity -telephone costs -administration costs – and advertising 9. Explain why the company has relatively small overheads. The company has relatively small overheads because it is labour intensive. * It builds and upgrades its own computers. * Vacancies are just advertised on the company's website and at regular networking meetings with other businesses in the Bristol area. 10. List 2 factors which influenced the company to locate in Bristol. * They could have run the company from anywhere in England, but as they were all from different parts of the country it was easier to locate in Bristol where they had all studied (it was more convenient). * Bristol is a large city with good infrastructure, so transport is not a problem. * There is a university in Bristol, so the business is close to an educated working force. 11. List 3 non-financial fringe benefits available to the employees. * Free lunch each Friday. * The use of a Wii during their breaks. * Free health insurance after six months employment. 12. Give 2 reasons why the company gives fringe benefits. * To motivate their employees so that they feel valued by the company and are therefore more productive as well. * Helps attract and retain better qualified employees. * Improves efficiency and productivity as employees are assured of security for themselves (as well as their families). 13. Some employees receive a monthly bonus based on turnover. Explain bonus. Full-time employees receive a monthly bonus based on turnover. A bonus is a monetary reward. It can be paid within both the time rate and piece rate systems. Under the time rate system, a bonus is paid if the workers reach their production targets, which could be hourly, daily or weekly targets. 14. Explain one advantage of giving these employees a bonus. -this encourages workers to work at their maximum output, and so overcome the problem of the lack of incentive. It also increases the productivity, efficiency and motivation of employees, which may also increase their happiness. 15. Give one disadvantage of giving them a bonus. The disadvantage is that the employees expect a bonus and moral drops sharply when the bonus is not paid. 16. The 2 sales assistants receive commission in addition to their salary. Explain commission. Commission is a monetary incentive that the company can offer in addition to their basic pay. It is a payment to people who are employed in selling the products or services of a business. 17. Explain one advantage of giving these employees commission. This system ensures that employees have to work hard to earn their pay, but if they are successful, their earnings can be unlimited. 18. Give one disadvantage of giving them commission. If they fail to meet the required turnover or sales figures, they receive no commission. 19. List 2 advantages of using email. * It is quick and easy to send emails, as it allows communication easily over a number of sites. * People can keep in touch very easily-as many messages can be sent. * Messages can also be keyed-in and stored until they are needed. * One email can be sent to a number of different people at the same time. * They are very convenient, as multiple attachments can be sent. * It is easier to refer back to emails rather than looking through different pieces of paper. 20. Explain why the company might use video conferencing. Video conferencing is fast becoming more and more popular with companies. It involves using computer links and closed-circuit television, allowing people to hear and see each other. The advantages include: * Saves people travelling to meetings. * Large savings can then be made in terms of time and cost. * Face-to-face communication is possible rather than using telephone or letter.

The Gang Member Of The Eight Tray Criminal Hoover Essay

Frank Gottie is one of the most well known gang member of The Eight-Tray Criminal Hoover in Memphis. Gottie believes that gangs are becoming to spin out of control, that it needs to be a solution to gang activity. On July 10, 2016 Gottie says â€Å"I ain’t never seen heaven before, but it was like a Memphis heaven everybody was on one accord â€Å", if the gangs could be on the same page for Black Lives Matter (Jones and Fretland, 2016) . Why can’t it happen for the youth? Ar’tavius Brown was 18 years old and joined a gang called the Pirus the Blood Alliance. Brown joined gang activity in South Memphis because he saw â€Å"people with the cars, with the money†(Goggans, 2014). Brown was put with the ramifications of having a gun shoot out at Central High school,but the judge saw something within Brown and gave him a second chance. Why are these stories relevant? These stories are relevant to the gang problem because if a gang member, Frank Gottie, sees that the gang problem in Memphis has to stop then it should be addressed. The community should want a change so the generation in Memphis doesn’t fall into the typical stereotypes, they should want more for the future youth to come. Everyone(the youth) won’t have that second chance like the Memphian Ar’tavius Brown, all the youth won’t have that judge that will see the better side of the situation.The community needs to get more involved with the youth, their kids, and family; so the gang problem won’t become worse than it is becoming.

Sepoy Mutiny Indian Revolt of 1857

Boo Radley - Original Writing - 1211 Words

Boo Radley Looking back, I don’t remember a specific time when my fascination of the Radleys began. It had just always been that way. I loved to hear the stories and rumors circulating in the town, or that Miss Stephanie Crawford would tell me. I loved to imagine what Boo Radley was really like. It was almost more interesting than football, if that was possible. I had always feared them, yet I loved fearing them, in a sense. My sister Scout and I wouldn t dare venture past their house in summertime play. When I met Dill, my fascination for the Radley’s grew even more. Dill stayed the summers with his Aunt Rachel, who was conveniently our neighbor. Once warned about the Radleys, Dill grew a fascination for the Radley’s even more intense than mine. The Radley’s had always been peculiar. Although it seems as they had lived there forever, they were seldom seen. They lived in a sad house with rotting shingles, which is where they spent most of their time. The town shunned them for their abnormality. Boo Radley, one of the sons, was especially distrusted. He had gotten involved with some of the Cunninghams from Old Sarum, which was almost a proper gang. When all members of the tribe stole a flivver and locked Mr. Connor, Maycomb s’ ancient beadle, in the courthouse outhouse, the town decided enough was enough. They were to be put before the probate judge, who decided that they were to be put into the state industrial school. Although that wasn t really that harsh of aShow MoreRelatedTo Kill a Mockingbird: Mans Inhumanity to Man Essay examples1666 Words   |  7 PagesA central theme in To Kill a Mockingbird, is man`s inhumanity to man. Many types of inhumanity – whether intentional or not – can be seen throughout this novel. Scout and Jem Finch as well as Dill treat Boo Radley with a level of inhumanity; however, their intentions are not cruel, merely childish and playful – as they are. However some examples of inhumanity found in the novel are not as innocent. An evident struggle that continues throughout the book, is the inhumanity black people suffer at theRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1910 Words   |  8 Pagesand humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator s father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel s impact by writing, In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. 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Until then, here are seven basic steps to writing a well-constructed literary essay: 1 .Ask questions 2.Collect evidence 3.Construct a thesis 4.Develop and organize arguments 5 .Write the introduction 6.Write the body paragraphs 7.Write the conclusion Step 1. Ask Questions When you’re assigned a literary essay in class, your teacher will often provide you with a list of writing prompts. Lucky you! Now

Rediscovering the mechanics of life Essay Example For Students

Rediscovering the mechanics of life Essay When V.H. Meyerhold was killed and designated a non-person by the Soviets sometime around 1939, it may have seemed to the directors adherents that his revolutionary system of kinetic movement for the stagebiomechanicshad died with him. But last year, another sign of the vast political change in Russia became apparent: Authentic training in biomechanics was taught for the first time in the U.S. by Gennadi Bogdanov, a direct inheritor of the Meyerhold technique through his teacher, Nikolai Kustov. Kustov, an original member of Meyerholds troupe and, ironically enough, the first U.S. link to biomechanics, was the actor featured in a famous series of photos which Lee Strasberg brought back from Russia in the 30s as an illustration of Meyerholds techniques. The creation of gesture   Bogdanov, who teaches biomechanics at the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts, spent five weeks last summer training members of New Yorks Phoenix Ensemble in the rudiments of the technique, after making his first stop at Tufts University for an intensive workshop with theatre teachers, actors and directors. The Phoenix Ensemble began an exchange program with the Russian Academy (formerly known as GITIS) in 1991, sending an evening of Joe Pintauro one-acts to Moscow and hosting a Russian productiona project which earned the company the United Nations Society of Writers Award for Excellence. Through translator Kathryn Mederos, Bogdanova quietly charismatic, passionate advocate for Meyerholds systemsays the most important element in biomechanics is the creation of precise, meaningful gesture. The ability to enter into the grotesque and to feel yourself in eccentric situations on the stageMeyerholds actors were able to do that very well. Bogdanov uses a series of biomechanical etudes (a series of physical actions such as the Stab in which one actor stabs a partner in the chest), which are broken down into componentsthe Otkaz, or preparation for the action; the Paceel, or fulfillment of the action; the Tormos, or brake; and the Tochka, or completion of the action. The point of these tasks is, Bogdanov says, to bring the actors apparatus to a neutral position. Under no circumstances should you understand that to mean that were erasing the actors individual creativity. Its a position from which we can go in any direction and create any quality of characterization. But naturally before that, he continues, we need to rid ourselves of any problems blocking our physical state. We have to bring ourselves into a state of certainty, so that we know not how the movement is born, but how to give birth to the movement. But the etudes are more than just a physical exercise, the movement specialist says. When it all comes together, when you precisely fulfill the drawing called for by the etude, then at that point you feel the joy and the freedom of movement within the form. Your head is freed up from the physical problems and the imagination can work. All of your emotion is directed only towards the birth of the dramaturgy. The Phoenix Ensemble applied this intensive study to a fall production of The Bathtub, Paul Schmidts politically updated adaptation of Mayakovskys Banya, directed by Ivan Popovsky, a Russian Academy student of Bogdanov imported for the occasion from Moscow. Although he says the comedic production at Manhattans Theater for the New City could not actually be called biomechanical, Popovsky did make use of extensive stylized movement. What I have learned is: dont use extra movements in the theatre, Popovsky says. Just use those movements which you need to have clean and clear pictures, so that the play can open up from the inside, from the meaning of the words. .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 , .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .postImageUrl , .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 , .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:hover , .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:visited , .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:active { border:0!important; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:active , .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1 .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5be6b6c763bd59016fc1dc3bee2996f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The key scenes Essay Finding your limitations   For members of the Phoenix Ensemblewhich includes about 20 actors, directors and designers of various ages and ethnicitiesthe work in biomechanics proved a welcome addition to their training. Like a lot of American actors, we tended to approach everything psychologically and emotionally more than physically, says company member Fred Velde, who played Senator Hamfat Hum in The Bathtub, and this was a totally different approach. For me it was great because I saw my limitations, and Gennadi stressed the idea that you should find those limitations and stretch them. Cecilia Arana, who played Billy Biker, found that the work with Bogdanov carried over effectively into the rehearsal process. I felt very grounded and very, very free amidst all the control of biomechanics, because I was so aware of everything I was doing, she says. Artistic director and ensemble member Paul Knox watched the group grow throughout the process in its ability to trust each other and work together. Now we can take a lot more risks, both physically and with our technique, he says. Knox hopes to continue the Ensembles biomechanical training and the exchange with the Russian Academy. Bogdanov, meanwhile, is kept busy by a growing worldwide interest in the technique, which most recently took him to Amsterdam.

Mardi Gras free essay sample

Gras The feast before the fast | | Mardi Gras means Fat Tuesday. Traditionally, it is the last day for Catholics to indulge—and often overindulge—before Ash Wednesday starts the sober weeks of fasting that come with Lent. Formally known as Shrove Tuesday, Mardi gras has long been a time of extravagant fun for European Christians. In the United States, Mardi gras draws millions of fun-seekers to New Orleans every year. Mardi gras has been celebrated in New Orleans on a grand scale, with masked balls and colourful parades, since French settlers arrived in the early 1700s. Hidden behind masks, people behaved so raucously that for decades in the early 19th century masks were deemed illegal in that party-loving city. Masks, Music, and Mayhem French royals, feather-covered showgirls, Energizer bunnies, painted clowns, masked lions—you can find them all (and countless others) in the streets of New Orleans at Mardi gras. By dawn on that most famous Tuesday, people have claimed the best spots on the streets to watch fabulous floats, outrageous performers, and visiting celebrities go by. We will write a custom essay sample on Mardi Gras or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many travel hundreds of miles to be a part of the excitement. Marching bands, some of them founded more than a century ago, also take to the streets with music and festive dress. They open the day by spreading jazz music through the city before the more than 350 floats and 15,000 costumed paraders take over the scene. Crazy costumes and wild make-up are the order of the day for paraders and parade-watchers alike. King’s Cake In some countries, King’s Cake — which is a wreath shaped purple, green, and gold cake — is eaten for six weeks. The traditional Mardi gras food usually has a baby Jesus baked into it, and whoever eats the piece with the figurine is believed to have good luck for the rest of the year. Parade Floats The tradition of floats handing stuff out to Parade onlookers started in Renaissance Europe. Back then, parade participants received ale, meat, and even grain. Now it’s different, lol, which people throwing beads. Beaded Necklaces The tradition of throwing beaded necklaces started in the early 1900s, when a float had a Santa Claus throwing glass beaded necklaces into the crowd. It was such a hit, that it soon became a tradition, and that is exactly what Mardi Gras is known for today.