Dialect Journal for the Book The Other Wes Moore

Dialect Journal for the Book The Other Wes Moore Dialect Journal for the book The Other Wes Moore Range of page numbers to draw the quotes from: 25-62, 68-107, 108-147, 148-183 Passage Quoted Using MLA Format, With a Signal Phrase and a Page Number Analysis of the Cause and the Connections to the Course Quote 1 â€Å"Wes looked at his mother, hoping she would explain who this man was. He moved closer to his mothers hip. Not only did he feel safer there than in the middle of the room but also because the smell coming off the man was beginning to bother him†(Moore 25) The cause this passage addresses is the importance of family roles to the growth of an individual. Wes Moore feels safer in the hands of his mother. This means that family members are a source of protection and guidance. I agree with this quote since every kid tends to run to their parents for protection if feeling threatened. Quote 2 â€Å"His brother six years older, was the closest thing Wes had to care taker during the daylight hours and was fiercely protective of the little brother who idolized him†(Moore 26) The cause that this quote addresses is family roles and influences. It is clear from this quote that Wes Moore has a brother who believes in him. A brother who cares for him. This is an example of a role of the family in someones life. It is very insightful to see how the two brothers cared about each other. Quote 3 â€Å"The constantly broken down elevators forced residents to climb claustrophobic, urine-scented stairways. And the drug game was everywhere, with a gun handle protruding from the top of every tenth teenagers waistline†(Moore 27) The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences such as peers and neighbors. This quote brings out a society that has been engulfed by moral decadence and crime. This accounts for the reason as to why the other Wes Moore ended up going to prison. The society around him lured him into becoming a criminal. Quote 4 â€Å"The extreme heat in my poorly ventilated room woke me in the middle of the night† (Moore 35). The cause that this quote addresses is poverty and the sociology of ghettos. It is clear from this quote that the life that the character is leading is a life of poverty and suffering. Living in a house that does not have proper ventilation is not a kind of life that a person would love to lead. Quote 5 â€Å" The Map was leading me in directions I hadnt seen in my brief time at school, through bushes and brush that quickly turned to trees and forests†(Moore 92). The cause that this quote addresses is education/educational setting. It is clear from this quote that Wes Moore was very vigilant when it comes to school work. The story that he is communicating is that he valued the school environment. Quote 6 â€Å"Colonel Bat handed me the phone, and I dialled the only number I knew by heart. As the phone rang, I began to think about what I would say in five minutes to convince my mother to let me back home† (Moore 94). The cause that this quote addresses is family roles. It is insightful to see that the only number that Wes Moore knew by heart was the number of his mother. This is a clear indication of the strong connection that existed between Wes Moore and his mother, and also the importance of a role that his mother played in shaping his life. Quote 7 â€Å"Wes and Alicia quickly became more than friends, After school they would head to each other’s houses, since neither had parents at home during the day. Within two months, Alicia told Wes that her period was latethey were going to be parents† (Moore 99). The cause that this quote addresses is the importance of family roles. Wes Moore lacked parental guidance and supervision which was causing him to do whatever pleased him most. Eventually, they ended up messing their lives in that they ended up becoming parents at a very tender age. Quote 8 â€Å"The idea of becoming a father depressed Wes, but he wasnt sure why† (Moore 100). The cause that this quote addresses is the opportunities. This is because Wes had the choice of valuing his career more than being moral. Instead, he concentrates on Alicia what eventually leads him to messing up his future. I agree with this quote in that many times people get the chances and opportunities but they fail to use them. Quote 9 â€Å"The wooden bleachers that circled the floor were full of family, friends, and supporters of the crop of graduates, who had yet to enter the room† (Moore 108). The cause that this quote addresses is the importance of education/proper educational setting. This quote clearly shows that Wes Moore really valued school work. He was very inspired with the idea of graduating. This is very insightful in that it shows a man who is determined to have a bright future. Quote 10 â€Å"Smiles, waves, cheers, and whistles rang out. Camera flashes blinked over the parade, parents and friends shooting as wildly as paparazzi. Because his last name put him toward the front of the class† (Moore 109). The cause that this quote addresses is the importance of education/proper educational setting. Wes Moore is very glad to have made his friends and parents proud by being the best student in his class. The way he frames his sentences makes it very inspirational, especially the cheers from the people who came to see him graduate. Quote 11 â€Å"Wes went back to school immediately after leaving the juvenile detention facilitybut he knew that he would not last long (Moore 110). The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences. It is crystal-clear from this quote that the other Moore does not value education. He values being with his peers. This is the reason as to why he was pretty sure that he would not be in school for long before dropping out. Quote 12 â€Å"Wes found another option: he decided to make himself scarce. In the mornings while Nicey was at work, Wes Would play video games in the house and then head out to check on his drug operation. The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences. The other Moore is dissolved in drugs that he looks for every possible opportunity to run away from home. Knowing that the other Moore is a young man who has not yet achieved anything in life is very saddening. Quote 13 â€Å"When they got to the house. Wes went upstairs to the room that housed the bunk bed that he and Tony shared† (Moore 153). This quote addresses the cause of poverty and the sociology of ghettos. This is because the bunk bed reference means that there was limited space in the house that both Wes and his brother shared. This is a characteristic of ghetto houses where people cannot afford to pay for sufficient-quality housing. Quote 14 â€Å"Wes now sat waiting to find out how the jury of his peers had ruled† (Moore 155). The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences. In this quote peer pressure is the societal influence that is addressed. It is clear from this quote that Wes participated in a crime as a result of peer pressure that came from his friends. Quote 15 â€Å" A large guard made his way over to Wes, who slowly put his hands behind his backnever once looking behind him to see the family of the police officer or even his own family†(Moore 157). The cause that this quote addresses is family roles. Even at Wes darkest hour, his family was there to support him. This means that family is the one thing you can rely on, no matter what. Quote 16 â€Å"weeks after I completed the internship with him, I would be heading to South Africa for a Semester abroad† (Moore 162). The cause

Translating Shitsurei From the Japanese

The Japanese word shitsurei,  pronounced shih-too-ray, is a Japanese word that translates to mean rudeness, impoliteness, bad manners, or a breach of etiquette. Japanese Characters Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼ 㠁â€"㠁 ¤Ã£â€šÅ'㠁„ Example: Sonnna koto o iu nante, nante shitsurei nan da.㠁 Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã£ â€ Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¦Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£  ªÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£   Ã£â‚¬â€š Translation:  It is so rude to say something like that. Synonym burei ç„ ¡Ã§ ¤ ¼

My Career As A Nurse Essay - 1153 Words

Introduction: Throughout our lives, we will encounter different people that will leave imprints in our career. Some of them will lift you up and some will bring you down. The person that I am sharing with you is someone that inspired me to forgo my pursue of my Master’s degree. The reason I picked this person is because she isn’t only a mentor, but someone that I look up to and rely on when I have questions. As a young registered nurse, we need someone to lean on especially when working the night shifts. Resources are scarce at night, and having someone who has the wisdom to teach us the policies that our hospital have, someone who’s there to give us a hand when the going gets tough, that’s what she has been to me. Overview of Career: She started of her college career in Adelphi University, Long Island, New York. The beginning of her journey in becoming a nurse started with her first baccalaureate degree that focused on Natural Science. She was part of Levermore Global Scholars Program, a program for those who s interested in the studies of global human rights. She was also a part of a school organization called Student Nurses Acting for Progress (SNAP). These two different programs laid the foundation of her pursuit of career in nursing. Towards the end of her first baccalaureate degree, she was in a limbo on what career path her talents will best apply. She was going to graduate on undecided career path, but what really pushed her to continue on becomingShow MoreRelatedMy Career As A Nurse939 Words   |  4 Pagesdoing in my nursing career in the upcoming five years. I have many hopes and dreams I hope to fulfill in my future career as a nurse. I want to be thriving and making the differences I am deeply c ommitted to. I want to establish strong relationships with not only my patients, but my peers as well. I want to be exceptionally skillful in my field to the point of educating others and lending a helping hand anywhere possible. More than anything I want to be extremely effective and efficient in my careerRead MoreMy Career As A Nurse1494 Words   |  6 PagesMy Nursing Career Not everyone has the calling to be a nurse but I am one of the lucky ones to be called to this wonderful profession. Being a nurse has its ups and downs like any other profession, but being able to make a difference in someone’s life is an absolute blessing. It took me a long time to reach my ultimate goal of becoming a registered nurse but I made it with a lot of help from my family. Life stories Ever since I was in high school I had wanted to be a nurse. I took two yearsRead MoreMy Career As A Nurse1890 Words   |  8 PagesThis world offers so many career opportunities, from being an elementary teacher to a yoga instructor to a cardiologist. 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The s Work Sex And Temperament - 1969 Words

Secondly, I chose Mead’s work Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, because it â€Å"completed the trilogy on these native cultures† (Flaherty 2002, 1). Simply put, not only do these works play a significant role in Mead’s life, but they hardly represent all of what Mead has done. In this anthropological research, Mead observes three tribes, â€Å"(1) the Arapesh, a hill tribe near the coast of Aitape, in the Mandated Territory of New Guinea, (2) the Mundugumor, on the Yuat (Dà ¶rferfluss), the second southern upstream tributary of the Sepik River, and (3) the Tchambuli, lake dwellers in the middle Sepik region† (Thurnwald 1936, 664). In the end, Mead’s work Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies concludes that â€Å"sex differences are not ‘something deeply biological,’ but rather are learned and, once learned, become part of the ideology that continues to perpetuate them† (Kimmel 2013, 60). Basically, Mea d is saying that sex roles and behavior vary from culture to culture (Angus 2016). As a result, gender is developed primarily by socialization or based on one’s cultural environment (Angus 2016). Upon observing three different cultures, Mead was able to come to a conclusion that â€Å"in one culture, both the women and men were cooperative, in the second they were both ruthless and aggressive, and in the Thambuli culture the women were dominant and the men more submissive† (Flaherty 2002, 2). In this research, Mead was able to demonstrate that these three primitiveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Children s Life907 Words   |  4 Pagesto a different home. This can also affect the parent who becomes overwhelmed since he or she cannot provide as much as the parent with the better quality of life. Although the changes in the child’s life may vary depending on the sex of the parent they stay with and the sex of the children. 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Social Contract Theory On The Origin Of State - 3694 Words

SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY 1. INTRODUCTION: The social contract theory is one of the oldest theories on the origin of state. This theory came into existence as a reaction against the divine origin theory. The term ‘social’ is something which is connected with the society, while ‘contract’ means an agreement between two or more people. Thus a term of political theory, ‘social contract’ implies an agreement that makes society possible .this theory holds that the state is the voluntary and deliberate agreement on the part of the people those who emerged from the state of nature, in order to form a state based on a contract between the people and the sovereign and is not made by the god and thus implies that the state is a man`s deliberate creation to serve his needs. The core idea behind this theory is an assumption that there was a period in human history, when there was no state at all and no political law existed. The idea that the power to the ruler is given based on some kind of agreeme nt between him and his subjects is quite old. The social contract theory envisages a state of nature where there were no organised government and rulers. There were no man made laws and no authority to govern the people .the state of nature was prepolitical the idea of social contract divides the state into two phases, i.e. one is the state of nature which was the life of the people before the state came into existence and second is the creation of the state as a result of the contract enteredShow MoreRelatedSocial Contract Theory On The Origin Of State1110 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY Introduction: The social contract theory is one of the oldest theories on the origin of state. This theory came into existence as a reaction against the divine origin theory. The term ‘social’ is something which is connected with the society, while ‘contract’ means an agreement between two or more people. Thus a term of political theory, ‘social contract’ implies an agreement that makes society possible .this theory holds that the state is the voluntary and deliberate agreementRead MorePolitics And State : Government And Politics1239 Words   |  5 Pagesare essential to political science are nation and state. These words will be heard in any discussion surrounding government and politics, especially when discussed on the international sphere. Often used interchangeably these words are not the same. Nation and state are two distinct words, but state is the only word that does not have a definite origin. However, both words have been given power through the t oxic idea of nationalism. Nation and state are two critical terms in the study of politics andRead MoreSocial Contract Is The Formidable Obelisk For Peacebuilding And Statebuilding1269 Words   |  6 Pages Social Contract is the formidable obelisk for peacebuilding and statebuilding. 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Rousseau was an Enlightenment philosopher, and wrote The Social Contract which heavily influencedRead More Pateman On Locke Essays1259 Words   |  6 Pages For years social contract theorists had monopolized the explanation of modern society. John Locke was among those who advocated this theory of a collectively chosen set of circumstances. Carole Pateman, on the other hand rejects many of the pillars of the social contract and specifically attacks certain aspects of Lockes argument regarding paternalism and patriarchy. Pateman defends her idea that the individual about which Locke writes is masculine, instead of the gender-encompassing form of theRead MoreLife Without Laws And Regulations Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagestake away our rights based on the State of nature? The social contract would introduce and maintain a controlled society in which protects people’s rights to life, liberty and protection of ones property. 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Business Plan for Rural Urgent Care (RUC) Facility Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Business Plan For Ruc Facility? Answer: Introduction The city- based community hospital of Beckers Hospital is considering to add an urgent facility of care across a rural region. Urgent care involves delivering ambulatory care is a dedicated facility for delivery walk- in- care, unscheduled outside the department of hospital emergency. Establishment of the facility of Rural Urgent Care (RUC) will focus on the facilitation of access across care providers by extended hours of service in closer geographic proximity to caregivers, families and patients. RUC will act for the alleviation of demand for services of emergency department in order to shift lower acute patients to an environment of less intensive resource. This particular project will be responding to the shift involved from volume based health care to value based health care. Purchasers and payers have been found showing interest in the improvement of economic efficiency by initiating shift to utilize the emergency department at settings of lower cost, like RUC. A number of comp eting hospitals have been seen hiring physicians of emergency department, partially as their strategy of integration for participating in contract of Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). The hospital is at a crucial point requiring immediate response for competitive scenario to make sound investment in the facility of RUC addressing both, economic and financial situation. There will be staffing of facility with the physicians and will be inclusive of a laboratory suit, radiology suite and other ventures related to health for supporting the growth of the hospital. This paper will present a business plan for this unit of urgent care facility. Market Analysis Macro- and microeconomic implications of market competition The market of health care providers perceive a number of goals. There is an existence of competition, as identified by several theories, in the health care industry and these have different impact on services. A substantial value of concentration and integration has already taken place in market of health care, and there will likely be a continuity of this trend (Leahy, 2013). This is specific as providers of health care have been responding to provisions under the Act of Affordable Care along with other factors encouraging integration. The industry has been representing 10.4 per cent in the Portfolio of APM and 12.4 per cent under S P 500. On the whole, this sector holds the value of 2.197 trillion dollars (Korunka, 2015). The industry can be categorized as follows: For further analysis, Porters five forces analysis will be conducted. Porter Five Forces Analysis Threat of competition: There is vigorous competition across the health care providers of USA, in terms of price, quality and diversity of service. There is huge competition of price generally leading towards lower amount of prices and hence, there are a number of options in health care services and products. Competition based on quality has increased the significance of higher quality, while there is an encouragement of innovation (Leahy, 2013). Hence, the threat of competition is extremely high presenting major threat and opportunities for RUC. Threat of new entries: The industry of health care providers has been dominated by a number of organizations, making the threat due to new entries extremely low. Even small organizations can be seen delivering well services with an experience of high growth (Beek, 2014). Hence, the threat of new entries is extremely low. Threat of substitutes: A number of customers can be seen approaching cheap prescription drugs, however, this particular threat cannot be considered alarming. The amendments of Medicare Modernization Act has helped in addressing a number of concerns so that quality is not compromised for cheap prices (Chosewood, 2010). Hence, the threat of substitutes is extremely low. Power to bargain among suppliers: The industry of Health Care Service and Providers provides high power to bargain among the suppliers simply because there is existence of high demand for the services. There are only some suppliers in comparison with several buyers (Copeland, 2008). Hence, the power to bargain among the suppliers is extremely high. Power to bargain among customers: The power to bargain among the customers is extremely weak as health care services involve certain fixed costs based on the provisions made under the services. ACO payment incentives to the organization Under the regulations of program, an ACO is referred to as a group of suppliers and providers of services agreed for working together for coordination of care across the patients of Medicare Fee- For- Service being (Copeland, 2008). The key objectives is delivery of high- quality and seamless care for beneficiaries of Medicare, rather than fragmented care leading towards a payment system of Fee- For- Service within which different providers will be receiving disconnected and different payments. Under the regulations of this program, Medicare will be continuously paying individual services and providers for certain services and items under the payment systems of Fee- For- Service (DeGraaf, 2012). For the facility of RUC, there will be a development of benchmark for each and every ACO against which its performance will be measured. There will be measurement of this performance for assessing if there is qualification in receiving the savings shared. The benchmark will be taking into con sideration the attributes of beneficiary along with other factors affecting the need for each and every service related to health care. There will be updating of this benchmark for every year of performance in the period of agreement (Goldman, 2014). How the RUC impacts economic efficiency There is almost a population of 72 million Americans residing across rural areas and these are highly dependent on the hospitals and health care providers that serve the community as a significant element of the society. Thus, RUC has a major impact on the efficiency of the economy, improving it with time. The RUC will be serving as an anchor for supporting the health of respective region. This provides the financial and structural backbone for health clinics, practice groups of physicians, and long- term, post- acute services of care (Harley, 2015). In addition to this, RUC will be providing essential services for outreaching the community and social work. The facility of RUC will be providing care to patients with highest quality while it will simultaneously tackle challenges because of often constrained financial resources, limited and small- size work force, and geographical locations (Korunka, 2015). Financial Analysis Capital requirements A number of competing hospitals have been seen hiring physicians of emergency department, partially as their strategy of integration for participating in contract of Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). The hospital is at a crucial point requiring immediate response for competitive scenario to make sound investment in the facility of RUC addressing both, economic and financial situation (Harley, 2015). There will be staffing of facility with the physicians and will be inclusive of a laboratory suit, radiology suite and other ventures related to health for supporting the growth of the hospital. For the facility of RUC, the project will be designated as the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) (Leahy, 2013). This designation will be obtained for reducing the vulnerability of finance across rural hospitals while improving the accessibility across the healthcare by maintaining significant services across the rural community. There will be accomplishment of this by considering the cost- based model of Medicare reimbursement. There might be existence of certain restrictions under the concern of what category will be holding the eligibility for designation of CAH. For this purpose, the RUC facility will be perceiving the following criteria (Mason, 2004): The facility will be having 25 or less inpatient beds for acute care. Its location will maintain a distance of at least 35 miles from a different hospital There will be maintenance of yearly average length of staying for 96 hours or lower than that for patients of acute care There will be provision of 24/ 7 services of emergency health care The market of health care providers perceive a number of goals. There is an existence of competition, as identified by several theories, in the health care industry and these have different impact on services. A substantial value of concentration and integration has already taken place in market of health care, and there will likely be a continuity of this trend (Mizock, 2013). This is specific as providers of health care have been responding to provisions under the Act of Affordable Care along with other factors encouraging integration. Reimbursement model There will be accomplishment of above mentioned capital requirements by considering the cost- based model of Medicare reimbursement. For this purpose, the facility of RUC will be making value- based purchases that is significant for improving patient experience and clinical quality with a reduction in inflation of cost (Moen, 2014). This type of reimbursement will be providing incentives for the improvement of patient experience and clinical quality with a reduction in inflation of cost. Further ahead, advantage can be taken from the efficiencies of scale within an environment of fee- for- service payment not becoming a compounding drawback while participating in the respective project (Perin, 2005). The assurance of high quality care across each and every provider will be the key policy goals recognizing the unique requirement of rural places and people for accessibility of health care system that is identified as both, cost efficient and having high quality. Cost per patient visit The city- based community hospital of Beckers Hospital is considering to add an urgent facility of care across a rural region. Urgent care involves delivering ambulatory care is a dedicated facility for delivery walk- in- care, unscheduled outside the department of hospital emergency (Ponocny, 2013). Establishment of the facility of Rural Urgent Care (RUC) will focus on the facilitation of access across care providers by extended hours of service in closer geographic proximity to caregivers, families and patients. RUC will act for the alleviation of demand for services of emergency department in order to shift lower acute patients to an environment of less intensive resource. This particular project will be responding to the shift involved from volume based health care to value based health care. Purchasers and payers have been found showing interest in the improvement of economic efficiency by initiating shift to utilize the emergency department at settings of lower cost, like RUC. A number of competing hospitals have been seen hiring physicians of emergency department, partially as their strategy of integration for participating in contract of Accountable Care Organizations (ACO). The hospital is at a crucial point requiring immediate response for competitive scenario to make sound investment in the facility of RUC addressing both, economic and financial situation (Santha, 2003). There will be staffing of facility with the physicians and will be inclusive of a laboratory suit, radiology suite and other ventures related to health for supporting the growth of the hospital. Pro forma Patient revenue Operating expense Income from operations Total expense Net cash flow Conclusion Under the regulations of program, an ACO is referred to as a group of suppliers and providers of services agreed for working together for coordination of care across the patients of Medicare Fee- For- Service being (Thorpe, 2009). The key objectives is delivery of high- quality and seamless care for beneficiaries of Medicare, rather than fragmented care leading towards a payment system of Fee- For- Service within which different providers will be receiving disconnected and different payments. Under the regulations of this program, Medicare will be continuously paying individual services and providers for certain services and items under the payment systems of Fee- For- Service. For this purpose, the facility of RUC will be making value- based purchases that is significant for improving patient experience and clinical quality with a reduction in inflation of cost (Ward-Griffin, 2008). This type of reimbursement will be providing incentives for the improvement of patient experience and clinical quality with a reduction in inflation of cost. Further ahead, advantage can be taken from the efficiencies of scale within an environment of fee- for- service payment not becoming a compounding drawback while participating in the respective project (Whittaker, 2008). The assurance of high quality care across each and every provider will be the key policy goals recognizing the unique requirement of rural places and people for accessibility of health care system that is identified as both, cost efficient and having high quality. References Beek, A. J. (2014). Predictors of having paid work in older workers with and without chronic disease: A 3-year prospective cohort study.Journal of occupational rehabilitation,24(3), 563-572. Chosewood, L. C. (2010). Work and health: future challenges and opportunities.Congressional Office of Compliance Future of Safety and Health in an Aging Workforce: October,26. Copeland, C. (2008). Labor force participation rates: The population age 55 and older.EBRI Notes,33. DeGraaf, B. (2012). The public workforce system: Serving older job seekers and the disability Implications of an aging workforce.The Public. Dorant, E. (2014). Double duty caregivers: healthcare professionals juggling employment and Informal caregiving. A survey on personal health and work experiences.Journal of advanced Nursing,70(7), 1604-1615. Goldman, N. (2014). Exposure to stressors and trajectories of perceived stress among older Adults.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbu065. Harley, D. A. (2015). Inclusion of Aging in Rehabilitation Counseling Journals 20002012: A Content Analysis.Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education,29(1), 75-87. Korunka, C. (2015). The moderating impact of types of caregiving on job demands, resources, and Their relation to work-to-family conflict and enrichment.Journal of Family Issues,36(1), 31-55. Leahy, M. J. (2013). Quality of life as a potential rehabilitation service outcome: the relationship Between employment, quality of life, and other life areas.Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 0034355213485992. Mason, K. F. (2004). Composites Aboard High-Speed Trains.Composites Technology,10(6). Mizock, L. (2013). Evidence-based processes in an era of recovery: Implications for rehabilitation Counseling and research. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 0034355213507979. Moen, P. (2014). Designing work, family health organizational change initiatives.Organizational Dynamics,43(1), 53-63. Perin, J. (2005). The effects of geography and spatial behavior on health care utilization among the Residents of a rural region.Health services research,40(1), 135-156. Ponocny, I. (2013). Informal eldercare and work-related strain.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,68(2), 257-267. Santha, T. (2003). Factors influencing the care seeking behaviour of chest symptomatics: a Community based study involving rural and urban population in Tamil Nadu, South India.Tropical Medicine International Health,8(4), 336-341. Thorpe, K. E. (2009). Chronic disease management and prevention in the US: the missing links in Health care reform.Eurohealth,15(1), 5-7. Ward-Griffin, C. (2008). Health professionals caring for aging relatives: A professional or personal Issue.Blurring the boundaries: Ageing at the intersection of work and home life, 1-20. Whittaker, T. (2008). Social justice and cultural diversity issues.Rehabilitation Education,22(3-4), 237-247.

Financial Reporting of Economics and Business

Question: Describe about the Financial Reporting of Economics and Business? Answer: (a) An economist and an accountant both are efficient enough to measure income but the manner of computation is different. Economist measures income on the basis of several assumptions related to future events where as accountant follows accounting concepts which is based on past events. Inflation plays a very vital role in income measurement because inflation is inversely proportional to purchasing power which is generated by income. Price of the commodities are increased due to inflation and this prise rise of commodities indirectly affects income generated by people, both accountant and economics consider the importance of inflation but in a different ways as economists considers on the real income based on inflation rates where as accountants inflate the historical income with the inflation rates. (b) The different theories that had been developed in the recent times are being done in the form of Capital Maintenance Theories which comes under the purview of the Changing Price Values Method which was being formulated for deciding the value of the assets and their valuation at the time of decision making. These theories were not able to survive due to the non existence of basis of maintaining a consistent tracking of the changing economic scenario as well. The CVA known as current value accounting served with many practical issues due to which this could be carried for accounting of wealth and value in the present terms. (Chow, 2012) (c) Cocoa means continuously contemporary accounting which suggests that in order to survive in this competitive environment an organisation has to adopt the needs of the changing environment and this requires cash. So organisations must have strong certain current cash equivalents, this is possible only when the base of the company is rock solid and all the applicable accounting principles and policies are being followed by the company. Fair value accounting also deals with the same tune that proper accounting principles and policies should be followed and all the assets and liabilities should be valued at fair value to make the base of the company stronger.(Persson, 2013)(d) Fair Value Accounting is a new concept which is introduced to reduce the complexities created by traditional historical cost accounting method. The financial statement is prepared for disclosing the current position of the business and then such financial statement is audited by the auditor who provides his opi nion on true and fair view of the contents of the financial statement. So to fulfil this requirement fair value accounting is introduced. The main concept is measure any asset or liability at that amount which it would fetch today. This new concept had introduced earlier it will reduce the impact of Global Financial Crisis of 2008 where big corporate become bankrupt as they carried their assets at historical cost hence under stating or over stating the accounting figures(Laux, 2010) (e) Proprietary theory follows the concept of all are one means the entity and its owner are no two different persons rather for the purpose of accounting both are treated as one because at the end owners are the beneficial from the working of the entity. Proprietary theory lays the base for the development of the other accounting theories as the analyst analyse the given theories and search the need for the solving the problems arising from this theory and in this way more advanced and more suitable accounting theories are given which is now helping everyone in doing proper accounting. (f) Proprietary theory is now considered as on old theory although it is still applicable to certain organisations but now a days organisations tends to not to follow this theory. According to companies act 2013 companies and its members are treated as separate entity. So in order to tune with the applicable laws the organisations also wants to follow modern accounting theories rather than this old theory which creates lot of complications for the owners of the company which the owners dont want to handle as transparency is required in todays world.(Watner, 1982) We are aware that the concept of Epistemology deals with the branch of knowledge and a philosophical concept that deals with theories of sources and knowledge. As accounting is a field of knowledge that has its origination from the various theories formed for this purpose. So the concept of epistemology is widely useful to the accounting theory concept. The account theories are developed out of intense knowledge of the human and the economy behaviour which is being studied by this concept of Epistemology. One of branches of epistemology is to deal with historical aspects in order to determine the correct course of actions. As accounting is a study of knowledge so it can be said that it is very useful for the process of developing accounting theories.(Whittington, 2008) The two different types of epistemology in the world of accounting are Infallibilism and Reliabilism.The concept of reliabilism speaks that the overnight and historical beliefs in the field of accounting can only be done if it is proved by the processes that take place during the research stages and gathering knowledge stage by the people.The concept of infalibilism says in order to prove a traditional accounting theory no false steps should be taken by any of the knowledge posting people as it needs to be proved by using this branch of knowledge as a whole.(Mohammad Nizarul Alim, 2014)Concept means providing base to any thing and similarly the basic accounting theories provides base on the basis of which accounting can be done. There is no such fixed rule that in a particular situation only this theory is to be followed. Application of accounting theory depends upon situations to situations. It is commonly heard that regulation is substitute for theory and there is no acceptable theory in accounting. Regulations are made by various acts made by government to keep a check on the working of the companies and companies had to follow the applicable regulations in order to avoid the heavy penalties for non compliance. So we can say that regulations are not the substitutes for theories it is rather a key enabler for the applicability of theory. Different situations demand different accounting theories so we can say that there is no single applicable accounting framework in each and every situation.(Freedman, 2013) Yes the conceptual framework project had significantly contributed to the development of accounting theories. Without base no building can stand and conceptual framework laid a strong base for the development of many modern accounting theories. One cannot ignore the relevance and importance of conceptual framework in accounting field, many accounting standards are developed on the basis of conceptual framework.(ACCA, 2014) Bibliography: ACCA. (2014). accaglobal. Retrieved 03 2015, from ACCA: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/student/acca-qual-student-journey/qual-resource/acca-qualification/f7/technical-articles/iasb-conceptual-framework-financial-reporting.html Chow, J. H. (2012). Financial reporting. In J. H. Chow, Financial reporting (pp. 1-77). London: The London school of economics and business. Freedman, J. (2013). What Is the Conceptual Framework Developed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Chron , 1-1. Laux, C. (2010). Did Fair-Value Accounting Contribute to the Financial Crisis. Journal of Economic Perspectives , 93-118. Mohammad Nizarul Alim, M. A. (2014). THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHARIAH ACCOUNTING:. In M. A. Mohammad Nizarul Alim, THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHARIAH ACCOUNTING: (pp. 109-117). Indonesia: University of Trunojoyo Madura. Persson, M. E. (2013). The Rise and Fall of Comprehensive Accounting Theories: R. J. Chambers and Continuously Contemporary Accounting. Social Research Network , 1-1. Watner, C. (1982). The Proprietary Theory of Justice in the Libertarian Tradition. THE JOURNAL OF LIBERTARIAN STUDIES , 1-1. Whittington, G. (2008). Fair Value and the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework Project: An Alternative View. Abacus , 1-1.